母乳喂养
阅读时间:
在产后的 2-6 天内会下奶,将会出现正常的乳胀感,乳房变得更加坚实和饱满,且无疼痛感。产后前几天泌乳量将迅速增加,泌乳量将远超出宝宝吸乳量,这时可能出现被称为乳胀的疼痛感。
起初生理性乳胀是指乳房过于饱满,导致淋巴管和血管充血,乳腺体组织水肿。水肿是由乳房中乳汁、血液和其他液体淤积导致的。乳晕或乳房周围或两侧乳房均出现肿胀感,导致乳房变得非常结实紧绷,同时乳头变得紧绷扁平。初始乳胀感不同于乳导管受阻,尽管导致两种症状的常见原因都是未有效排乳。如果不经处理治疗,则乳胀会导致衔乳困难和乳腺炎。
在整个母乳喂养期间,乳胀也可能出现在发病部位。原因包括穿戴过紧文胸或宝宝背带佩戴不当以及对乳导管施压等。然后乳房部位会变得非常敏感,甚至无法触碰。如果未处理乳胀,则可导致母乳供应量减少、乳腺炎和乳房脓肿。
初始乳胀感通常发生在产后 2-6 天内的泌乳激活之后,泌乳量开始增加的时候。乳房通常变得饱满、敏感,有疼痛感,并出现发红、皮肤有光泽以及弥漫性水肿。这些症状往往出现在两侧乳房,并开始扩散。开始出现低烧 (< 38.4C),但不会像乳腺炎那样,出现全身症状。
必须咨询哺乳专业人员。诊断乳胀感时,检查乳房,注意观察有无发红、敏感和不对称现象非常重要。
在哺乳顾问或保健专业人员的配合下实施并监测管理计划。管理乳房肿胀的关键是增加排乳频率以及有效排空乳房。可结合保健专业人员建议,实施以下方案:
Reverse pressure softening: a simple tool to prepare areola for easier latching during engorgement
Successful breastfeeding requires efficient milk transfer through the nipple-areolar complex, which includes subareolar tissue. Subareolar tissue resistance increases during engorgement, when expanded circulation and excess ...
Cotterman KJ (2004)
Maternal intravenous fluids and postpartum breast changes: a pilot observational study
The current breastfeeding initiation rate in Canada is approximately 87%. By one month, about 21% of women have stopped breastfeeding. Engorgement and edema in breast ...
Kujawa-Myles S, Noel-Weiss J, Dunn S, Peterson WE1, Cotterman KJ (2015)
Amir, L.H. ABM Clinical Protocol #4: Mastitis, Revised March 2014. Breastfeed Med 9, 239-243 (2014).
Jacobs, A. et al. S3-Guidelines for the Treatment of Inflammatory Breast Disease during the Lactation Period: AWMF Guidelines, Registry No. 015/071 (short version) AWMF Leitlinien-Register Nr. 015/071 (Kurzfassung). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 73, 1202-1208 (2013).
American Academy of Pediatrics and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Breastfeeding handbook for physicians 2006).
Lawrence, R.A. & Lawrence, R.M. Breastfeeding: a guide for the medical profession (Elsevier Mosby, Maryland Heights, MO, 2011).
Cotterman, K.J. Reverse pressure softening: a simple tool to prepare areola for easier latching during engorgement. J Hum Lact 20, 227-237 (2004).
Kujawa-Myles, S., Noel-Weiss, J., Dunn, S., Peterson, W.E. & Cotterman, K.J. Maternal intravenous fluids and postpartum breast changes: a pilot observational study. Int Breastfeed J 10, 18 (2015).
Mangesi L and Dowswell,T. Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (Review). The Cochrane Library 9, (2010).
感兴趣的文章