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NICU

Adopting lactation best practice pathways supports NICU mothers to establish lactation, at-breast feeding and most critically support NICU infants to receive their own mother’s milk for that all-important start in life.​1–4​ 

Effective initiation

First expression

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Effective initiation

Dose of own mother's milk (OMM) – Effective initiation results

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Effective initiation

Informed decision – Effective initiation interventions

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Effective initiation

Frequent expression – Effective initiation interventions

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Effective initiation

First expression

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Effective initiation

Dose of own mother's milk (OMM) – Effective initiation results

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Effective initiation

Informed decision – Effective initiation interventions

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Effective initiation

Frequent expression – Effective initiation interventions

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Transition to at-breast feeding

Breastfeeding rates – Transition to at-breast feeding results

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Transition to at-breast feeding

Skin-to-skin care – Transition to at-breast feeding interventions

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Transition to at-breast feeding

Transitioning to direct feeding at breast –Transition to at-breast feeding interventions

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Transition to at-breast feeding

Oral therapy with own mother’s milk (OMM) – Transition to at-breast feeding interventions

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References 

1 Bigger HR et al. Quality indicators for human milk use in very low-birthweight infants: are we measuring what we should be measuring? J Perinatol. 2014; 34(4):287–291. 

2 Spatz DL et al. Pump Early, Pump Often: A Continuous Quality Improvement Project. J Perinat Educ. 2015; 24(3):160–170. 

3 Spatz DL. Getting it right – the critical window to effectively establish lactation. Infant. 2020; 16(2):58–60. 

4 Meier PP. Prioritizing High-Dose Long Exposure to Mothers' Own Milk During the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Hospitalization. Breastfeed Med. 2019; 14(S1):S20-S21. 

5 Hoban R et al. Milk volume at 2 weeks predicts mother's own milk feeding at neonatal intensive care unit discharge for very low birthweight infants. Breastfeed Med. 2018; 13(2):135–141. 

6 Meier PP et al. Human milk in the neonatal intensive care unit. In: Family Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation, editor. Breastfeeding and breast milk - From biochemistry to impact: A multidisciplinary introduction. 1st ed. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2018. 

7 Snyder R et al. Early provision of oropharyngeal colostrum leads to sustained breast milk feedings in preterm infants. PediatrNeonatol. 2017; 58(6):534–540. 

8 Kumar J et al. Oropharyngeal application of colostrum or mother's own milk in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2023; 81(10):1254–1266. 

9 Acuña-Muga J et al. Volume of milk obtained in relation to location and circumstances of expression in mothers of very low birth weight infants. J Hum Lact. 2014; 30(1):41–46. 

10 Haase B et al. The development of an accurate test weighing technique for preterm and high-risk hospitalized infants. Breastfeed Med. 2009; 4(3):151–156. 

11 Narayanan I et al. Sucking on the 'emptied' breast: non-nutritive sucking with a difference. Arch Dis Child. 1991; 66(2):241–244.